In Improved Layered Navigation it is possible to show different attributes related to the category. For example category 1 shows attributes A B C, category 2 shows attributes A C D, category 3 shows A B F G.
To set attribute visibility per category level or exclude filters from some categories, navigate to Catalog > Improved navigation > Filters > your filter page and make changes there
See more details on Improved Layered Navigation page
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